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SCC Monographs

3. PERMANENT HAIR DYES

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PERMANENT HAIR DYES
Although hair dyeing has been used as a cosmetic treatment throughout history, the process as we know it today stems from the discoveries in the Nineteenth Century that hydrogen peroxide both bleaches the natural color of hair and oxidizes chemicals such as aromatic amines on hair to give dark colors. These new processes for dyeing and bleaching hair had the potential to give the user more control and versatility as opposed to the earlier systems that relied on natural materials and were therefore subject to significant seasonal and other variations. In additional, the color changes were truly permanent and only needed to be replenished as the new hair growth became obvious. The biggest single advantage however, was the ability to develop during the dyeing process, color lighter than the original hair which had only been possible prior to hydrogen peroxide use by complex, multi-step, harsh treatments. This chemistry received fairly rapid acceptance and despite the current abundance of product types, new chemicals and product forms, it is still in use today in an essentially unmodified form although, of course, there have been a large number of evolutionary changes and improvements in the intervening years. Permanent dyes have been the subject of a number of in-depth reviews either individually or as part of an overall review of hair coloring. In this review, the chemistry of the dyeing process will be described initially so that the performance and dyeing protocol can be more readily rationalized. Following the chemistry section, current product types will be described especially with regard to their technology, distinguishing characteristics and market position.

 

 

 

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