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SCC Monographs
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3. PERMANENT HAIR DYES |
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PERMANENT HAIR DYES
Although hair dyeing has been used as a cosmetic treatment throughout
history, the process as we know it today stems from the discoveries
in the Nineteenth Century that hydrogen peroxide both bleaches
the natural color of hair and oxidizes chemicals such as aromatic
amines on hair to give dark colors. These new processes for
dyeing and bleaching hair had the potential to give the user
more control and versatility as opposed to the earlier systems
that relied on natural materials and were therefore subject
to significant seasonal and other variations. In additional,
the color changes were truly permanent and only needed to be
replenished as the new hair growth became obvious. The biggest
single advantage however, was the ability to develop during
the dyeing process, color lighter than the original hair which
had only been possible prior to hydrogen peroxide use by complex,
multi-step, harsh treatments. This chemistry received fairly
rapid acceptance and despite the current abundance of product
types, new chemicals and product forms, it is still in use today
in an essentially unmodified form although, of course, there
have been a large number of evolutionary changes and improvements
in the intervening years. Permanent dyes have been the subject
of a number of in-depth reviews either individually or as part
of an overall review of hair coloring. In this review, the chemistry
of the dyeing process will be described initially so that the
performance and dyeing protocol can be more readily rationalized.
Following the chemistry section, current product types will
be described especially with regard to their technology, distinguishing
characteristics and market position. |
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